Therefore, although Israel has many similarities with the cultural environment of the ancient Near East, the term rûah has a unique development of its lexical range of meanings in the OT. (1991). “It can be understood both in physical and figurative terms,” and it does not appear to be derived from cognate languages.45 Further, “it is a poetic word as it is used most frequently in the poetic and prophetical literature.”46 “In a static sense, koah [kowach] suggests the capacity to endure, as of a stone (Job 6:7), but more commonly it expresses potency, capacity to produce .… By extension the word comes to connote general ability to cope with situations (Deut 8:17–18; I Chr 29:14; Ezr 10:13; etc.

Wherefore ye may know with a perfect knowledge it is of God (Moroni 7:15–16). [47], A more sophisticated approach was taken by Mormon researcher John Hilton and his non-LDS colleagues at Berkeley,[48] who "went to great pains to immunize the methodology from criticism" through the use of control tests.[49]. . "[69] Packham criticizes Smith's interpretation, stating that the English word "more" or "mor" is out of place in an Egyptian name. The English translation of the Bible, however, makes it singular. And if ye will lay hold upon every good thing and condemn it not, ye certainly will be a child of Christ (Moroni 7:18–19). Ancient Near Eastern texts do not use rûah to indicate that gods have spirits or that the rûah is an extension of a god. The number of parallels that Nibley has been able to uncover from amazingly disparate and arcane sources is truly staggering.

In a book that is the first of its kind, Jerry Grover, a professional civil engineer and geologist, utilizes geologic and geophysical analysis with clues in the Book of Mormon itself to provide an eye-opening placement of the Book of

The Olmec civilization has long been considered to be the Jaredite civilization. The meanings and depictions associated with the Mesoamerican Lazy-S glyph are consistent with the etymological meanings for the phonetic word Mormon found in Egyptian and Sumerian.
Several new translations of the scriptures will be announced over the next two years.

"[46] Additionally, D. James Croft wrote in Sunstone that there were several flaws in the methodology that were vulnerable to criticism. Nephi, however, is the author of the... eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. A. After Benjamin’s sermon, the people tell him “the Spirit of the Lord Omnipotent” has wrought a mighty change in their hearts. Although the weight of traditional Christian teaching links baptism directly to the remission of sins in a mechanical way, Book of Mormon writers never say that baptism can wash away sins.29 Rather, Nephi in his original teaching of the doctrine of Christ as taught to him by the Father and the Son states clearly that the remission of sins comes through the reception of the Holy Ghost and after baptism by water. The book regards America as a land of promise and states that any righteous people that possess the land will be protected by God.

And again, the people responded, telling him they believed “all the words which [he] had spoken,” saying. And finally, just as Nephi in 2 Nephi 31:21 assigned some ownership of the doctrine of Christ to the Holy Ghost, Moroni, in his closing writings also does the same thing with divine grace: And now I would commend you to seek this Jesus of whom the prophets and apostles have written, that the grace of God the Father and also the Lord Jesus Christ and the Holy Ghost, which beareth record of them, may be and abide in you forever (Ether 12:41).

vs. 8 and 13). For a language to be considered a part of the same “family” historically it has only required a few hundred shared cognates. “But the Spirit of the Lord was with him, insomuch that they could not hit him with their stones neither with their arrows” (Helaman 16:2). Immediately after Nephi’s account of Lehi’s great vision, Nephi tells us that his father shared these prophecies with his sons and taught them “concerning the gospel which should be preached among the Jews” (1 Nephi 10:11). Furthermore, Blomberg claims that 2 Nephi 31:21 contains allusions to Acts 4:12. Isa 43:5).50, Closely related to the passages referring to the power of the Holy Ghost are fifteen additional passages referring to the power and authority that comes from God or is given by God and is evident in the preaching and conduct of the Nephite prophets. In Micah 3:8 we read: “But truly I am full of power by the spirit of the Lord, and of judgment, and of might, to declare unto Jacob his transgression, and to Israel his sin.”43 In contrast, the Nephite writers [Page 212]explicitly cite the power of the Holy Ghost 29 times as the means by which they were cleansed from sin, received divine knowledge or were able to perform certain functions. [65], Thomas Finley has disagreed with these claims. Holy Spirit, more frequently used as an alternative name, occurs 16 times. There are seven such names addressed in the following five sections. Book of Mormon descriptions associated with the geographical locations identified as Mormon are consistent with the Mesoamerican meaning of the Lazy-S glyph. "[83], Critics of Book of Mormon linguistic studies often reject the claims of Mormon scholars on the grounds that the parallels they draw between Book of Mormon and other sources amounts to "parallelomania", which is defined as the "over use or improper use of parallels in the exposition of a text.". Alma explained the future coming of Christ into mortality by saying “the virgin … shall be overshadowed and conceive by the power of the Holy Ghost” (Alma 7:10). “Thieves and Robbers”. A., The Hebrew Background of the Book of Mormon, 1991), ALMA AND SARIAH – Alma was thought of as a female name in Joseph’s time. For behold, the Spirit of Christ is given to every man that they may know good from evil. In other words, "steel" must mean steel, "hilt" must mean hilt, "elephant" must mean elephant, and so forth. The original English Book of Mormon is, he says, “in large part” an Early Modern English text, “even reaching back in time to the transition period” from late Middle English into Early Modern English.

It has been used to analyze disputed works of Shakespeare, contrast books of the Bible, identify the authors of twelve disputed Federalist Papers, and compare styles of various authors such as Jane Austen.

[37], Critics argue that there is no correlation between the appearance of chiasmus and the authenticity of the Book of Mormon because, among other things, chiasmus appears in many languages including eighteenth- and nineteenth-century English literature.

A similar logic occurs in two other passages by Alma and Mormon respectively, in which larger parallel constructions accomplish the same conjunction of language and meanings. Members speaking those languages will be informed as digital versions are published.
The A to Z of Ancient Mesoamerica. In these and other ways, the Spirit of the Lord works first through Lehi and then through his son Nephi to establish a new covenant like the one given to Abraham before them, which would identify their descendants as a covenant people of the Lord. One of the most compelling evidences for the authenticity of the Book of Mormon is the extensive use of ancient Hebraisms, especially chiasmus, which is an unusual parallelistic literary structure that was completely foreign to the English language of Joseph Smith, and was in fact only rediscovered in recent years. Parallels drawn by Nibley between Egyptian names and Book of Mormon names include "Paanchi" and "Pahoran", and further include several others including "Korihor" (Kherihor, a high priest at Thebes) and "Morianton" (Meriaton, an Egyptian prince),[64] and "Ammon" (Amun, the most common name in ancient Egypt).

The book states that war and violence are only acceptable when defending one's very life. Maxwell Institute. All his encounters with the divine before this vision spoke of the Spirit or the Spirit of the Lord. Only a century after the publishing of the Book of Mormon was it discovered to be a valid male name in ancient times. Even more impressively, eight other passages point independently to different contexts in which the person of the Holy Ghost is understood to be a separate divine being. One character at a time would appear, and under it was the interpretation in English. Cf. While it is not explained here what it might mean for Jesus to be in his believers or for the Father to be in Jesus, that seems key to understanding how they are one and how they expect the faithful to become one with them. It can shape the conduct of worship meetings “after the manner of the workings of the Spirit” (Moroni 6:9). of the Book of Mormon note that synagogues did not exist in their modern form before the destruction of the temple and the Babylonian captivity. Source: Excerpts from Blaine M. Yorgason’s Book Little Known Evidences of the Book of Mormon published in an AAF Newsletter Dr. Sami Hanna, an Egyptian, especially schooled in the Arabic language, and professor at the University of Utah, was asked by the First Presidency of the church to translate the Book of Mormon back into its original Semitic cultural format. [19], Mormon archaeologist Bruce W. Warren has noted that some Jaredite names may have become a part of later Nephite culture, suggesting that there may have been survivors or refugees of the great Jaredite battle besides Coriantumr. Mormon apologists dispute these claims, with some arguing that during the translation of the golden plates, Smith may have chosen words that he knew that were closest in meaning to the original concept written on the plates (i.e., a "translator's anachronism"). The Language of the Spirit in the Book of Mormon, Complexities in the English Language of the Book of Mormon — 2015, https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/facpub/2325, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, And the Lord said unto me: Marvel not that, changed from their carnal and fallen state to a state of righteousness, being, becoming his sons and daughters. [12], Apologists from FARMS have published studies that claim that the linguistic evidence cited by Roberts does not necessarily contradict the narrative of the Book of Mormon.

At the end of his late appendages to his father’s abridgment, Moroni inserts a sermon that Mormon had given at some previous assembly of the Nephite faithful. These accounts of spiritual rebirth describing the experiences of individuals who have engaged the gospel of Jesus Christ by repenting and covenanting with him to obey his commandments throughout their lives have little direct parallel in the Old Testament. Jesus Christ has revealed himself to many prophets — giving them a preview of his ministry and atonement — and teaching them his gospel, which they in turn were instructed to teach to the people. Bar-Kokhba.

For he that diligently seeketh shall find, and the mysteries of God shall be unfolded to them by the power of the Holy Ghost (1 Nephi 10:17–19). It begins with the initial visions in which Lehi was “overcome with the Spirit” and carried away in a vision and “filled with the Spirit of the Lord” (1 Nephi 1:7–14).