For Kings and Queens after 1707, see British monarchs. England had controlled Wales since 1284. After Mary's death, William continued to rule. How glorious was the Glorious Revolution? She has now reigned for 68 years, 8 months and 4 days. Nonetheless, Philip was to co-reign with his wife.[104]. The Angevins (from the French term meaning "from Anjou") ruled over the Angevin Empire during the 12th and 13th centuries, an area stretching from the Pyrenees to Ireland. Like a cricket umpire, he could be depended upon to remain impartial. Richard fell out with his fellow crusaders, and although he got within 12 miles of Jerusalem, was not strong enough to recapture the city. Michael K. Jones and Malcolm G. Underwood, Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas, Supreme Governor of the Church of England, Act for the Marriage of Queen Mary to Philip of Spain, Alternative successions of the English crown, Family tree of English and British monarchs, List of monarchs of the British Isles by cause of death, List of rulers of the United Kingdom and predecessor states, "Family of Edgar +* and Aelfthryth +* of DEVON", "Ethelred II 'The Unready' (r. 978–1013 and 1014–1016)", "Edmund II 'Ironside' (r. Apr – Nov 1016)", "Edward III 'The Confessor' (r. 1042–1066)", "William I 'The Conqueror' (r. 1066–1087)", "William II (Known as William Rufus) (r. 1087–1100)", "Richard I Coeur de Lion ('The Lionheart') (r.1189–1199)", "England: Louis of France's Claim to the Throne of England: 1216–1217", "Act for the Marriage of Queen Mary to Philip of Spain (1554)", "History of St Giles' without Cripplegate", "Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector, 1626–1712", "William III (r. 1689–1702) and Mary II (r. 1689–1694)", "Archontology – English Kings/Queens from 871 to 1707", "British Royal Family History – Kings and Queens", "English Monarchs – A complete history of the Kings and Queens of England", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_monarchs&oldid=982572112, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 9 October 2020, at 00:04. Upon his return through mainland Europe he was himself captured, and a ransom of 34 tonnes of silver had to be paid for his release. Here was an empress who had a startling affinity with the middle class: the class to which even the aristocracy felt it must now defer. [3][4] The title "King of the English" or Rex Anglorum in Latin, was first used to describe Æthelstan in one of his charters in 928. Alfred styled himself King of the Anglo-Saxons from about 886, and while he was not the first king to claim to rule all of the English, his rule represents the start of the first unbroken line of kings to rule the whole of England, the House of Wessex. But for him, the Glorious Revolution, as the constitutional settlement reached in 1688–89 came to be known, might not have been very glorious at all. During the reign of George V, an alarming number of royal families, including the Romanovs, the Hohenzollerns and the Hapsburgs, were overthrown. The Wars of the Roses (1455–1485) saw the throne pass back and forth between the rival houses of Lancaster and York. The 8 most famous royal weddings in British history, 7 things you (probably) didn’t know about Queen Victoria. This is a chronologically ordered list of British monarchs starting from the Act of Union of 1707—the unification of the English and Scottish kingdoms as Great Britain.
For Kings and Queens after 1707, see. Charles II King of England and King of Scots concurrently from 30 January 1649 to 6 February 1685. Upon Henry I's death, the throne was seized by Matilda's cousin, Stephen of Blois. William III and Mary II were co-rulers. Efficiency in collecting taxes is a somewhat uncharming characteristic, and by the end of his reign Henry was deeply unpopular. Godwinson successfully repelled the invasion by Hardrada, but ultimately lost the throne of England in the Norman conquest of England. At the head of 5,000 knights, he made himself master of a kingdom with perhaps 1.5 million inhabitants. England came under the control of Sweyn Forkbeard, a Danish king, after an invasion in 1013, during which Æthelred abandoned the throne and went into exile in Normandy. The following is a list, ordered by length of reign, of the monarchs of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1927–present), the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1927), the Kingdom of Great Britain (1707–1801), the Kingdom of England (871–1707), the Kingdom of Scotland (878–1707), … Her personality was of “irresistible potency”, as her greatest biographer, Lytton Strachey, put it. Queen Elizabeth II became the longest-reigning British monarch on 9 September 2015 when she surpassed the reign of her great-great-grandmother Victoria. Burial places of English monarchs Attraction search Find Select Attraction type All Attractions Medieval Abbey or Monastery Castle Historic Church Garden Historic House Historic Building Museum Prehistoric site Roman site Town / Village Cadw Churches Conservation Trust English Heritage Historic Scotland National Trust National Trust for Scotland James II (1685–1688) (deposed, died 1701), also King James VII of Scotland. On 9 September 2015 (at the age of 89 years, 141 days), Elizabeth II became the longest-reigning British monarch and the longest-reigning female monarch in world history. You can unsubscribe at any time. While Edward was campaigning in Wales, one of his mounted knights was hit by an arrow fired from a longbow. William of Orange became William III, King of England, on 13 February 1689 and William II, King of Scots, on 11 May 1689. England, Scotland, and Ireland had shared a monarch for more than a hundred years, since the Union of the Crowns in 1603, when King James VI of Scotland inherited the English and Irish thrones from his first cousin twice removed, Queen Elizabeth I. Llewelyn saw his cause was hopeless, and perished in battle. The Civil War in England from 1642 until 1652 stemming from a growing enmity between King and Parliament, led to the execution of King Charles I in 1649. How George and Mary saved the royal family, 7 memorable moments in the history of Buckingham Palace. Charles, Prince of Wales, is the longest-serving Prince of Wales, with a tenure of 62 years, 76 days since his proclamation as such in 1958. On 1 May 1707, under the Acts of Union 1707, the Kingdom of England united with the Kingdom of Scotland as the Kingdom of Great Britain. Mary II and William III were crowned on 11 April 1689. So too was George VI’s elder daughter, who upon his death in 1952 became Elizabeth II. From the time of King John onwards all other titles were eschewed in favour of Rex or Regina Anglie. The Principality of Wales (1216–1542) was a client state of England for much of its history, except for brief periods when it was de facto independent under a Welsh Prince of Wales (see House of Aberffraw). In 1707, England and Scotland joined together. He spent only 10 months of his 10-year reign in England, where he complained about the weather, but he became one of the great English heroes. When William was just eight years old his father died and Normandy descended into anarchy. Before ascending the throne of England, he crushed the rebellion led by Simon de Montfort against his father, Henry III. After Harthacnut, there was a brief Saxon Restoration between 1042 and 1066. The English had never come across this fearsome weapon – one that was to make their armies almost invincible. Henry VII 1500 - 1509. Its king, Alfred the Great, was overlord of western Mercia and used the title King of the Angles and Saxons, but he never ruled eastern and northern England, which was then known as the Danelaw, having earlier been conquered by the Danes from Scandinavia. William III is one of the greatest kings of England and yet one of the least remembered. The Angevins formulated England's royal coat of arms, which usually showed other kingdoms held or claimed by them or their successors, although without representation of Ireland for quite some time. When he died, he left to his son, Henry VIII, a united country, a submissive nobility, and a vast amount of money. Queen Victoria reigned for longer than any of her predecessors. He submitted to King William the Conqueror. Includes Scottish monarchs from the installation of Kenneth I (House of Alpin) in 848 to Anne (House of Stuart) and the Acts of Union on 1 May 1707, when the crown became part of the Kingdom of Great Britain. James was descended from the Tudors through his great-grandmother, Margaret Tudor, the eldest daughter of Henry VII and wife of James IV of Scotland. But Edward rendered those mountains uninhabitable by building a chain of castles along the coast of north Wales, which prevented supplies of grain getting through from Anglesey. Anne, Queen of England and Queen of Scots, became Queen of Great Britain on 1 May 1707. Henry II named his son, another Henry (1155–1183), as co-ruler with him but this was a Norman custom of designating an heir, and the younger Henry did not outlive his father and rule in his own right, so he is not counted as a monarch on lists of kings. In 1216 it was superseded by the title Principality of Wales, although the new title was not first used until the 1240s. But though Victoria was passionate, she possessed also a devout desire for self-improvement, fully shared by her husband, Prince Albert, who was from Coburg.

Historians tend to draw Henry as a less sympathetic figure, who looked and behaved more like a monk than a happy-go-lucky first among equals. No one could have been more skilful at deposing James II, or at negotiating the terms for a monarchy more acceptable to parliament.