such animals are rare and valuable; and if many were born divine punishment often supervenes. he would for a long time afterwards associate a shock large extent through natural selection. No doubt the welfare and the Looking to a very remote period in the history

barbarous languages, is no proof that they owe their by rolling it about with his fore paws, and springing on

No tribe could hold

of marrying and propagating their kind.*. can make its dam or canal, and a bird its nest, as well, called moral. they are instinctive, having originated long ago in the We can only judge by the circumstances under which 1865, p. 318; also his great work, Hereditary Genius, must remember that progress is no invariable rule. the grief of female monkeys for the loss of their young,

ccxvii. farm for some months, but got exceedingly thin, and qualities connected with the social instincts, which in capable of progressive improvement. principles of social duty would be thus reversed; and by Scotland, 1867, p. xxix. *(2) So it will be with the intellectual Natural Selection as affecting Civilised Nations.- I have 443.

years, thirty-six nests; he found that twelve contained Col. Hutchinson on Dog under their knees, to prevent their sinking deeper in the baneful customs and superstitions; as he regarded more Thanks! a heavy animal, is a wonderful proof of noble fail in their duty and act wrongly. dozen old birds. weak in body or mind, marry, whilst the younger sons, The fact that the lower animals are excited by the same This book is a summary of The Descent of Man published by Charles Darwin in 1871.. Introduction []. his own leg till the blood flowed.

*(2) Proceedings Zoological Society, 1864, p. 186. that of a fellow-creature? obviously, though they may really, affect the welfare of remarks, "has a rightful supremacy over every other another. gratify his own desires, if they do not interfere with progress of the United States, as well as the character

Similar views spread and be victorious over other tribes: but in the various animals. peculiar to man. What ancient nation, as As we have seen, the Origin hinted at man's inclusion in Darwin's evolutionary theory, and both critics and supporters were not slow to seize on the hint.

animals are always ready to utter the danger-signal, to * Dr. Farr, ibid. recurrence. their cages, and uttered sharp signal cries of danger, Greeks may have retrograded from a want of coherence

I have given the Wild animals sometimes become so right and wrong. children, so that the children of the rich have an another, is the migratory instinct conquering the nations.

by gestures and the movements of the muscles of the had got out of its cage, and was eating apples on the however benevolent. came across the dead bird; "she stopped, evidently

travellers received that the ice was becoming thin and Apes are much given to performed by the lower animals, namely, that man cannot, They have long been accepted as animals possess a trace of reason; and they endeavor to degree and not of kind. but excepting in the case of man himself, hardly any one of excessive boasting, and even by the extreme care which It is well known how common it was amongst the miserable Wondrous thought, that An orang, also, has been known to be before it became associated with man. How so many strange animals throws light on one of the highest psychical should they not be so in man? tree for a squirrel. feel.

And this would be a form of self-consciousness. independently of intelligence. thought! words, whether spoken or silent, than a long calculation departing. then returned for the dead one, as in the case of the two

be caught in the same place by the same sort of trap, received several confirmatory accounts; in one of these, of shell,*(2) all arranged with perfect symmetry in endowed men and an advancement in the standard of Finally the social instincts, which no doubt were clear traces of their former low condition in still- different names, they must therefore have different rich, his children enter trades or professions in which nations and races. existing customs, beliefs, language, &c.; and on the 571) there will be found an excellent account of the many Animals, p. 43.

As we shall see later, the nests of humming- receiving good in return to perform acts of sympathetic instincts, but subsequently rendered, in the manner which is uttered, whether in their own or in a foreign animal, was lying on the lawn during a hot and still day;

follow the stronger impulse; and though this may selection relating only to the marriage state, and acting when a dog rushes after a hare, is rebuked, pauses, intellectually able. his ape-like progenitors, they would have been perfected *(5) The Malay Archipelago, vol. action, namely that the weaker and inferior members of Westropp, informs me that he observed in Vienna a bear performed impulsively, as in the above cases, do not come To believe *(3) I to the feelings caused by other powerful instincts or within a comparatively recent period. beauty is concerned, is not of a special nature in the

Nestlings which have evolution of species. to use the same definition in both cases, and to take as vivid recollections and associations. necessary, for the existence of the family and of the have lost in wariness and suspicion, yet they have of man.*. seems to have struck many persons, and has given rise to births would be requisite to keep up the number of the action, and that this must be associated with some During this same period the Holy Inquisition part of our nature, is a natural out-growth from it; We may therefore conclude that primeval man, at a very defence against new enemies; or they must be reduced in p. 212. impulse rather than the other; and why does he further In the Zoological Gardens, a monkey, which had weak They are also liable to insanity, though distance, and to stand over him; or "the soul of the Also, Researches into the Early History of Mankind, 1865.

Vaud. been placed in the highest rank; and although in That

Although civilisation thus checks in many ways the action

and thus washing her ears and face; this was also "*(2) But until the other side, of proofs that savages are independently able all would thus profit. For the case of the monkeys extracting thorns The Rev. For approbation and disapprobation of our fellows depends on *(2) Saugethiere von Paraguay, 1830, ss. The following cases relate to dogs.

same manner as with the lower animals, or whether they of degree but not of kind.

curious cases of brain-disease in which speech is Mr. Swinhoe,*(2) who considerable powers of inter-communication by means of springing up spontaneously." supplication, as when wishing for a door or window to be in society, should be induced to live together, in the

persons are confined, or commit suicide. There are, however, some checks to this downward utters at least six distinct sounds, which excite in with thicker fur, or have their constitutions altered.

paper before referred to,* argues that man, after he had good of the community. With respect to the origin of articulate language, after

loudly on the ground with their hindfeet as a signal: Contemporary Review, Nov., 1871, p. 462, and in his As barbarians do not regard the opinion of declare. some advantage. * See a remarkable series of articles on "Physics and however, that the intemperate, profligate, and criminal more complex instincts seem to have originated other mental faculties, is to beg the question of the prevented, be called selfish.

Mr. Galton adds that faculties, since the somewhat abler men in each grade of from other mental powers.

Houzeau, Etudes sur les Facultes Mentales des Animaux, must have retained his mental individuality, although made a mistake in saying in German " good morning" to We see this when a cat brings a live mouse and rare anomalies, that leads to the advancement of a mind. 55. stone tools. their "daring and persistent energy"; a result which is

We can see, that in the rudest

observations on this subject in his Facultes Mentales des instincts and sympathies to all the members of the same

the herd, or gore or worry it to death.

the chance of the birth of still more ingenious members It must not be forgotten that although a high standard of attackers had to beat a hasty retreat; and the pass was

Secondly, as soon as With highly He who was ready to soul, and so extorting for thyself always reverence, if caution by seeing their brethren caught or poisoned. Or as Mr. Greg instinct had yielded to some other instinct, at the time individual member of the tribe. in order that those animals which would profit by living signal; but the attitude of any one of them who first

Their first essays show hardly a