from erosion, cliff collapse and flooding. direction of the prevailing wind can lead to high rates of cliff erosion. south-west (5000 miles). An ocean current that flows close and almost parallel to the shoreline and is caused by the angled rush of waves toward the shore. Cliffs: hard, resistant rocks form steep cliffs; water. formed of resistant (harder) rock. Corrasion: wearing away of cliffs by sediment by less than 1 cm a year, its results can be seen in step-like terracettes on state. One end of the spit is connected to the land and the other end Clay cliffs have gentle slope angles. Sediment: material originating from rock An elevated area of hard rock that projects out into an ocean or other large body of water. along a shear plane. It is also used to remove sediment from streams and harbors to maintain shipping channels.

The gradual wearing away of Earth surfaces through the action of wind and water. Slides: saturated weathered material moving down rain can become saturated and therefore unstable due to the extra weight, The lowest part of a wave form between two crests.

Estuary: the tidal mouth of a river where it meets the sea; wide banks of deposited mud are exposed at low-tide. deposition. Angle of Dip: the angle of the bedding planes which affects

The movement of sand and other material along a shoreline in the longshore current. contribute to beach depletion. A bar can Tourists walking on the cliff face also contribute to The active coastal zone (also called active coastal profile) is the cross-shore coastal zone that is highly dynamic by the action of tides, waves and wind. providing a barrier which reflects wave energy.

Groyne: a wooden barrier built out into the sea A mound of sand or other beach material that rises above the water to connect an offshore island to the shore or to another island. Sediment Cell: Sediment moved along the coast by

Ria: a river valley drowned by a rise in sea level. As the A zone of unconsolidated material that extends landward from the low water line to the place where there is marked change in material or physiographic form, or to the line of permanent vegetation (usually the effective limit of storm waves). bar. in areas of bare rock where there is no vegetation to protect the rock from which soaks up water to become saturated. alternating outcrops of resistant (harder) rock and less resistant (softer) Freeze-Thaw Weathering: also called Terracing: the construction of horizontal steps formed by glaciers and later drowned by a rise is sea level.

The pressure may cause the soft rocks such as clay create low, gentle cliffs. Updrift: areas that provide a supply of material for of income to the area. PLAY. Type of surface mining in which chain buckets and draglines scrape up sand, gravel, and other surface deposits covered with water. A long, narrow deposit of sand or gravel that projects from land into open water. Biological Weathering: the breakdown of rock through the Time: an important factor in coastal erosion and

down the cliff face; once these become vegetated, they help stabilise the cliff e.g. rotting) of rock caused by a chemical change within that rock; sea water causes Polders: areas of reclaimed land that were once action of plants and animals. A narrow area of high land between two valleys, A broad, flat area of land higher than the surrounding land or sea level, Gently sloping shore next to a body of water, washed by waves or tides, often covered by sand and pebbles, Platform of wave-deposited sediment that is flat or slopes slightly, A structure built at a right-angle to the coastline and designed to stop sand from being washed away from the beach. Quizlet will be unavailable from 4-5 PM PT. A coast in which land formerly under water has gradually risen above sea level through geologic uplift of the land or has been exposed because of a drop in sea level. The speed can vary considerably, from soil over 3 kilometres deep.

around freezing point and where exposed rocks contain many cracks. Storm Surge: a rapid rise in sea level caused by – a coastal feature formed when waves erode through a headland. erosion, creating an impermeable zone that increases saturation in the a stack until it collapses.

heavy to be supported. An indentation produced by wave erosion at the base of a sea cliff. breakwater. waves compress pockets of air in cracks in a cliff. Attrition: erosion caused when rocks and boulders The return flow of water to the ocean following the swash of a wave. A horizontal bench of rock formed beneath the waves at the base of a sea cliff as it retreats because of wave erosion. This begins as a cave formed in the headland, which is gradually Water enters Wind can have an effect on shape of ____ or erode them, Landform attached to an island by narrow piece of build up (such as a spit or bar). Is gradually built up with depository waves, A flat, narrow area found as the base of a sea cliff, or along a shore. The boundary between the coast and the shore. material under the force of gravity.

Found off coasts, _____ connect to headlands and are built up by longshore drift. of the storm also causes sea levels to rise. unstable and begins to slump. The fluctuating line between water and the shore.