Attempting to box Pompey in, Caesar tried to negotiate peace, but Pompey delayed just long enough to make good his escape. The Senate didn't act on this measure at all, though it was probably hotly debated. If Caesar brought his troops from Gaul into Italy, he would be violating his role as a provincial authority and would essentially be declaring himself an enemy of the state and the Senate, fomenting civil war. or "let the die be cast" in Greek. The Via Aemilia (modern SS 9) still follows its original Roman course as it runs between the hills and the plain; it would have been the obvious course to follow as it was the only major Roman road east of the Apennine Mountains leading to and from the Po Valley. Caesar definitely debated for a while about what to do. Pompey, the Republic's hope, was left without his main army, which was still in Spain, and his support base was in the eastern provinces. Every army has to deal with problems such as insubordination, desertion and even mutiny. Certainly fearing the worst, Cicero tried to counteract this measure and avert what appeared to be a growing danger of civil war. Caesar now faced an important choice. When Julius Caesar crossed the Rubicon, he started a five-year Roman civil war. The river flows for around 80 km (50 mi) from the Apennine Mountains to the Adriatic Sea through the south of the Emilia-Romagna region, between the towns of Rimini and Cesena. Caesar badly desired the ability to run for the Consulship in abstentia, thereby allowing him the safe transfer of protection from his Proconsular Imperium, granted by his command in Gaul, to that of the actual Consulship once again. The Quattrocento humanist Flavio Biondo was deceived by it;[4] the actual inscription is conserved in the Museo Archeologico, Cesena. Therefore, by crossing the Rubicon into Gaul and starting the war, Caesar threw the dice, not only sealing his own political future but effectively ending the Roman Republic and beginning the Roman Empire.

Caesar's subsequent victory in Caesar's civil war ensured that punishment for the infraction would never be rendered.

This page was last edited on 12 August 2020, at 11:39. Without getting a response, Caesar decided to offer the same measure that already passed the Senate just a month earlier. The complete history of every Imperial Roman legion and what it achieved as a fighting force, by an award-winning historian. Even in Roman times, gambling games with dice were popular. The Tribunes attempted to block the measure through the people once again, but this time the Senate was entrenched. After Caesar spent 51 BC and the better part of 50 BC touring his newly conquered province of Gaul, political chaos was developing back in Rome. His legate Marcus Antonius was elected as Tribune for the same year, and a former opponent, Gaius Scribonius Curio was also elected but paid handsomely to side with Caesar. 15,95 € * Tanaka Kazuo & Heir.

(45 kgs) of gear and weapons, with Roman armor and shields being particularly heavy. As dictator, Caesar presided over the end of the Roman Republic and the start of the Roman Empire. The year 49 BC was shaping up to be yet another stalemate politically for Caesar, but he was quite simply running out of time.

More optimate officials were elected in 50 BC to take office for 49 BC, but Caesar still managed to hold ground. Julius Caesar was a general of an army of the Republic, based in the north of what is now Northern Italy. What they failed to understand was that the people had little trust in the Senate, and that Caesar had won them over through his popular agenda while in political office. With the immediate neighboring provinces handled, Caesar moved on towards Rome, but first held a meeting with Cicero in Formiae. All rights reserved. The Rubicon, like other small rivers of the region, often changed its course during this period. He likely arrived around January 11, and stopped on the northern bank of the small river border, the Rubicon. Persian Fire: The First World Empire and the Battle for the West: The First World Empire, Battle for the West Tom Holland. 27,62 € * Gaunts Geister: Die Heilige Teil 2 (Paperback) 17,00 € * Lumineth Realm-Lords: Vanari Dawnriders.