France experienced a troubled time during the reign of Elizabeth. Spain had become a great military power as Phillip ruled Spain, the Netherlands and parts of Italy. Many northern nobles were still committed Catholics and wanted to see the restoration of Catholicism under a Catholic monarch.

These problems all led to supply issues for the Spanish Armada and had a major impact on the morale of the Spanish troops. Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland was part of the Rising in the North in 1569. How To Revise For GCSE Psychology Step-by-Step, Chapter 3: Elizabethan society in the Age of Exploration, 1558–88. Boston Spa, Even when Mary, Queen of Scots was executed, the French King, Henry III, kept on friendly terms with Elizabeth. Robert Dudley was the Earl of Leicester and during the time of the conflict involving the Netherlands, he was appointed to lead the military expedition to the Netherlands. The raid on Cadiz proved to be a major setback for King Phillips plan’s to invade England and delayed the Armada by more than a year. 214 High Street,

Elizabeth chose to give direct help to the rebels by signing the Treaty of Nonsuch, which placed the Netherlands under her protection and promised military help. This threat was increased by the fact that the Catholic religion did not recognise divorce so Catholics, like Mary, claimed that Elizabeth was, in fact, illegitimate and that Mary was, therefore, the real heir to the throne. By spring 1588, the Spanish Armada was complete and King Phillip was ready to launch his, The Armada was a huge fleet consisting of, The Spanish also had thousands of more soldiers stationed in the Netherlands under the command of the. Pupils will engaged in an active decision making activity to decide what Elizabeth should do about the problem of Mary.

Why was the Revolt of the Northern Earl’s a Serious Threat to Elizabeth? (I have a provided a WAGOL to support pupils with this task). In 1559 it seemed that France was on the verge of rivalling Spain as the dominant power.

However, this fact is of secondary importance because if Mary had been raised protestant rather than Catholic then she would not have been a focal point for plots against Elizabeth. There are many reasons for this, including interference in English affairs from the Pope, Elizabeth’s role in the Dutch revolt (which angered Catholic Spain), Mary Queen of Scots’ arrival in England in 1568 and the rebellion in 1569 that was led by the Catholic Earls Northumberland and Westmoreland. The New World, privateering and the significance of the activities of Sir Francis Drake. King Phillip had been preparing for an attack on England since 1585 and Mary’s execution made the situation worse with him even more determined to invade England. The victory over the Spanish boosted Elizabeth’s popularity and strengthened the Protestant cause as it was a sign that God favoured Protestantism. The plot failed as it was discovered by Francis Walsingham, Elizabeth’s principal secretary and spymaster, who placed Throckmorton under surveillance for several months. When the French king died in July 1559, 15-year-old François became king of France – with Mary, aged 16, as his queen consort. English canons could also be reloaded more quickly than the Spanish ones allowing them to inflict greater damage. Most of the new ships were being built in the deepwater port Portuguese port of Lisbon which was protected by strong fortifications. Queen Elizabeth showed no mercy to the rebels and the Earl of Northumberland along with 400 rebel troops were executed while the Earl of Westmorland fled abroad.

Elizabeth would receive a share of the privateers profits and as Englands financial situation was poor at the time, this proved to be an incredibly important source of income for the Queen.

The evidence was enough to persuade Elizabeth to put Mary on trial and eventually execute her for treason. Its complete failure effectively ended any threat England faced from Spain.

Thus Mary was Queen of Scotland and of France. After his successful raid on Cadiz, Drake sailed along the coast of Portugal and Spain, seizing Spanish ships and destroying supplies that were being sent to Lisbon for the Armada. The conspirators including Babington were all. She inherited a bad relationship with France from her predecessor Queen Mary I. France were big supporters of Mary, Queen of Scots, who Elizabeth had executed.

Mary’s permanent presence in England meant that she was a rallying point for many Catholics, who believed she had a stronger claim to the English throne than Elizabeth. (I have a provided a WAGOL to support pupils with this task). With no clear military successes for Dudley, he resigned his post in 1587 and returned to England. The threat posed by the former subsided with the 1562 outbreak of the. The Spanish invasion didn’t go according to plan when the Spanish Armada was launched in 1588.

This attack proved to be a major setback for Spanish preparation for the Armada. Elizabeth also felt she had no right to execute a legitimate monarch but also, executing a queen could set a dangerous precedent that could undermine her own claim to rule by Divine Right and fuel more plots against her. Although trying, and failing, to take back Calais, Elizabeth managed to keep peace and a good relationship with France going, she even entered negotiations to marry Duke of Alencon to help strengthen this. The threat of France to Elizabeth’s rule. England and Spain had tried to remain on good terms but a growing rivalry between them led to increased tensions.

This time, however, the evidence gathered by Walsingham was enough to persuade Elizabeth to put Mary on trial.