http://vixra.org/pdf/1710.0326v3.pdf The triple bond of CN gives it a bond order of 3. Even in this simplest case, we will be "inaccessible" to all the initial data for calculations. (�ÿ”’ìô¤æ|F2@ò}HJ|'¤”㤖ª9H:ÿšNßÎ?

It is more interesting to consider what happens to an electron in a region with linear dimensions smaller than the Compton wavelength of an electron. Δt = λc.е./c = 2.4263 * 10^(-12)/(3*10^8) = 8.1*10^(-20) s It is the uncertainty principle that prohibits microparticles in quantum mechanics from having a trajectory. chemistry. Therefore, in our opinion, it would be more correct to consider the chemical bond as a certain new "indivisible" particle, with well-defined characteristics and spatial extension, which we called a "semi-virtual particle" [14, p. 2. Ş ¸X°× endstream endobj 14 0 obj 429 endobj 15 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 14 0 R >> stream 1. where λ is the Louis de Broglie wavelength, me is the mass of the electron, c, γ is the speed and frequency of light, and h is the Planck constant. Strictly speaking, dynamic characteristics can not be attributed to a microparticle, since a quantum object (for example, an electron) is not a corpuscle, but has a particle-wave nature.

• Here is a more general formulation of the principle of uncertainty: it is impossible to arrange in any way an instrument that determines which of the two mutually exclusive events has occurred, without the interference pattern being destroyed. For example, in diatomic nitrogen, N≡N, the bond order is 3; in acetylene, H−C≡C−H, the carbon-carbon bond order is also 3, and the C−H bond order is 1. Let's add a little history. p. 11, 15,14 Structure-of-the-benzene-molecule-on-the-basis-of-the-three-electron-bond A full explanation of the chemical bond can only be provided by quantum mechanics (in the future), classical approaches simply do not work.

(p. 19 - 29 Structure-of-the-benzene-molecule-on-the-basis-of-the-three-electron-bond). Fermions are particles with half-integer spin; they follow the Fermi-Dirac statistics, and have appropriate consequences, such as the Pauli exclusion principle etc. This is also true for the electron shells in the atom and aromatic systems.

I understood that if I were to be engaged in quantum chemistry, then for 5 to 7 years I had to study quantum chemistry at a sufficient level so that I could analyze the possibility of the existence of a three-electron bond with a multiplicity of 1.5. In this case the three-electron bond in benzene can be actually considered a semi-virtual particle. Therefore it is necessary to lay the existence of three-electron bond in molecules in reality as an axiom.

Bezverkhniy Volodymyr (Amazon): In particular chemical substance the chemical bond is really indivisible. chemical bond should lead to a deeper understanding of the dependence of biological activity on the chemical structure, which undoubtedly will have an explosive effect on the appearance of new drugs (and new classes ) and significantly simplify the task of searching for new substances in the structure.

Consider an atom, for the description of an electron, the concept of an atomic orbital is introduced. Therefore, in the field of chemical bonding, in this case, an electron can not be regarded as a "point object", since it (an electron) will spend part of its time in the state "electron + pair (positron + electron)", and therefore its interaction should be described in the framework of quantum field theory. Linus Pauling. 6 * 0.17 = 1.02 105-117). Thus it is proved that the interaction of moving charges is realized not only by Coulomb force, but also by the force of another nature, called magnetic. Quantum Theory of the Development of Science, Economic and Society. According to Heisenberg uncertainty in this area, we have a quantum mechanical uncertainty in the momentum of at least m*c and a quantum mechanical uncertainty in the energy of at least me*c^2 : Electromagnetic. Literally. 3. The time position and frequency of the wave are mathematically completely analogous to the coordinate and (quantum-mechanical) momentum of the particle. B. Maksic. 5. The distribution of the tossed coin or rolling bone can be described by the probability distribution (50% eagle, 50% tails). That is, theoretically incorrect was not a three-electron bond with a multiplicity of 1.5 but the MO method and the VB method, and this contradiction turned out to be principled and incorrigible (that is, this conceptual contradiction). if you are studying a body and you are able to determine the x-component of a pulse with an uncertainty Δp, then you can not simultaneously determine the coordinate x of the body with an accuracy greater than Δx = h / Δp. To get a negative charge on O2, you would have to have a single bond, so bond order is 1. N2. 427 (1922). benzene on the basis of the three-electron bond 2.35, E = a + b/L + c/L² equation coefficients for s... benzene on the basis of the three-electron bond 2.18, cyclopentadienyle anion, carboxylate anion, benzene on the basis of the three-electron bond 2.17, 1,2,4-triazole, 1H-1,2,3-triazole. 2) We can simply and clearly explain the increase in the multiplicity of benzene from 1.5 to 1.67. Benzene on the basis of the three-electron bond: Therefore, Max Born substantiated the probabilistic interpretation of the square of the wave function.

A molecule of oxygen gas (O 2) has a double bond and a bond order of 2.

Lewis structures are a bit sketchy for these. In chemistry exactly Pauli exclusion principle often considered as a ban on the existence of three-electron bonds with a multiplicity of 1.5, but it can be shown that Pauli exclusion principle does not prohibit the existence of three-electron bonds. Bezverkhniy Volodymyr (viXra): http://vixra.org/author/bezverkhniy_volodymyr_dmytrovych Quantum entanglement is a quantum mechanical phenomenon, in which the quantum states of two or more fermions or bosons prove to be interconnected [2-6]. N2 O2 , F2 , Cl2 (Increasing order of bond dissociation energy) 2. 3) We can check experimentally: if the three-electron bond and interaction through the cycle are real, then it logically follows the bending real chemical bond density in benzene into benzene. Publishing house "Science". Click hereto get an answer to your question ️ Bond order of N + 2, N2 - and N2 will be: 5. Calculations of a hydrogen molecule will actually come to the solution of the movement of one point in the field of two protons, which is similar to the solution of a task for the hydrogen molecular ion H2 + [7-13].

http://vixra.org/pdf/1606.0151v2.pdf
(a) Hydrogen bond < CovaLent bond < Vanderwaals bond. Oh®0 t¥9oö í(:zÒ`ìğݶfɾğñ,�”’êaŞq;¤¼tºú.�¡nקuDNò-£ M2Øx�G#<>÷ÚÚa^2KRù^h6´ëÓ:b]XïRÌÛ—'à�èÆyÿÎó But from the physical point of view, it is true that the electron is a particle of a certain size (now we will not analyze the radius of an electron, etc. We remember that an alternating electric field generates a magnetic field and an alternating magnetic field generates an electric field. N2 O2 , F2 , Cl2 (Increasing order of bond dissociation energy) 2. Is N2+ paramagnetic or diamagnetic? 6 electrons multiplicity 3; The three-electron bond can also be seen as an entangled quantum state in which there are three electrons. 1-5 http://vixra.org/pdf/1606.0150v1.pdf Most importantly, the behavior of electrons in the atom, in the molecule, and in the chemical bond (I note that the chemical bond is the most difficult test for quantum mechanics), and here the probability picture plays a decisive role. It is important that the maximum density of the chemical bond will be shifted to the center of the benzene cycle link, which is what we are seeing in the atomic force microscopy images (AFM) pentacene. It must be added that not all physical quantities in quantum mechanics are measurable simultaneously, that is, they can have simultaneously definite values. Bond order is the number of chemical bonds between a pair of atoms and indicates the stability of a bond. Philosophical Magazine, 1921, 41, 510-538. Performance & security by Cloudflare, Please complete the security check to access. But other than that if you use the three electron bond in benzene at once solved a lot of problems: and the Heisenberg uncertainty ratio takes the form: Soc. And further in the last 4 years, a theoretical substantiation of the three-electron bond was developed. (The Pauli exclusion principle, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle and chemical bond). Determine bond order at a glance. what is the bond order for N2+ 2.5. what is the bond order for O2-1.5. E. Schrödinger did not immediately, but still agreed with the arguments of M. Born. This follows from the following considerations. Consequently, the left-hand sides of equations (1) and (2) can be related by some formula. thene in benzene at a multiplicity of 1.67 in six (6) aromatic bonds as it further appears 1 electron: Bezverkhniy Volodymyr (Scribd): Heisenberg's uncertainty principle: Δх * Δр ≥ ħ/2 This is fundamentally not true. 2. pp. But if we recall that any classical chemical bond is formed between two nuclei (this is a fundamental difference from atomic orbitals), which somehow "pull" the electrons one upon another, it is logical to assume that in the formation of a chemical bond, the electrons can no longer be regarded as weakly interacting particles . (The Pauli exclusion principle, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle and chemical bond). Theory of three-electron bond is constantly evolving and is used in organic and inorganic chemistry. And yes, we will understand more deeply both quantum mechanics and the theory of relativity. That is, these two fermions are in an entangled quantum state. In addition, a new theoretical model of the chemical bond is proposed on the Heisenberg uncertainty principle (pp. A real particle, such as an electron, exists in the real world for indefinitely long time. speaking, Coulomb attraction and repulsion in the molecule (or rather between electrons and nuclei)."
The Compton wavelength of an electron is equivalent to the wavelength of a photon whose energy is equal to the rest energy of the electron itself (the standard conclusion is given below): Probabilistic interpretation of the wave function, this is a typical wave description, which corresponds to reality.

5, 173 (1928)), namely Pauling analyzed the interaction of the hydrogen atom and the proton in the entire range of lengths (he admitted that the hydrogen atom and H + on the approach are preserved and showed that the bond is not formed in this case (since there is no exchange interaction or resonance by Pauling)). The more accurate the measurement, the stronger the perturbation will be. In nature, there are only four fundamental interactions:

And the characteristics of a semi-virtual particle (as an integral), we can calculate. Now we will try to use all the above-mentioned to describe the chemical bond using Einstein's theory of relativity and Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. And what was my surprise when it turned out that both the MO method and the VB method contradict the fundamentals of quantum mechanics. Δx * Δp ≥ ћ / 2